Literature and Technical Documents
Structural Lightweight Aggregate Uses

Lightweight Concrete Masonry and SmartWall Systems®

        3001     Guide Specification for Load-Bearing Lightweight Concrete Masonry Units
                       (Sept 1998)



        3001.1   SmartWall Systems® Guide Specification
                       Minimum net compressive strength 2500 psi and maximum concrete density of 93 lbs per cubic foot.
                       (Aug 2002)


         3201     Energy Efficient Buildings with SmartWall Systems
                       Thermal mass, heat capacity, thermal bridges.  R-values,  ASHRAE energy code and the ENVSTD program.
                        (Aug 2004)


         3214.0  Insulating Concrete Masonry Theoretical Maximum "R" Values  (T.A. Holm)
                       Heat flow, Series-parallel, Thermal resistance. (Jan 2002)



         3220.082   SmartWall Systems®:  We've Been Fired
                            Advertisement 



         3384    Freezing and Thawing Resistance of Segmental Retaining Walls  (T.W. Bremner, J.P. Ries)
                      Commercially available Lightweight and Normalweight SRW, 13 suppliers, 33 concrete mixtures,
                      175 test samples.  (June 1996)


          3530    Life Cycle Energy Cost Analysis   
                  Shows that SmartWall Systems provides significant savings in all climates.
                       (Mar 2000)


          3555    Recommended Combined Aggregate Gradation for High Quality Lightweight
                       Concrete Masonry Units
                        Adopted by ASTM  C 331


          3600     Lightweight CMU  a weight off our shoulders  (Feb, 2004)
                       Although unit price may be slightly higher, increased productivity more than
                       offsets the expense when looking at costs in laying up a wall.  Reprint  Storypole, by Kyle Lochonic


          3640.1  Producing Structural Lightweight Concrete Block   (Feb, 1996)
                         Because of the greater porosity of lightweight aggregates, follow these procedures to ensure production
                         of top-quality concrete masonry units.  Reprint  Concrete Journal, by Carolyn Schierhorn


          3650     SmartWall Systems® The Answers!    Click here for Spanish Version  (Aug 2002)
                          Complete details how SmartWall helps owners, occupants, Architects, Enginners, Designers, Mason
                     contractors, and Block Manufacturers. Covers Fire resistance, Mason productivity, Energy efficiency and much more.


        3650.3  High-Performance Concrete Masonry For the Mason Contractors  (Jan 1996)
                         Covers Mason friendly, profitability, labor cost, Mason's careers, productivity, women masons.
 

        3650.8  Systematically Building better Buildings
                     Reprint  The Concrete Producer, by Rick Yelton  (April, 1999)
 
             
   
        3700.0   Construction with the Speed of Light
                           Shows the corrolation between block weight and mason productivity.
 
 

          3700.4   Estimating Production
                          Maintain production history files on every masonry task.
                      Reprint  Masonry Construction, by  Carolyn Schierhorn  (March, 1995)



 

Structural Lightweight Concrete
 

       4000      Lightweight Aggregate Concrete  (Fib bulletin #8 362 pages, May 2000)
                        Part 1 Recommended extensions to Model Code 90,guide, Part 2  Identification of research needs,
                        technical report, Part 3 Case studies, State of the Art Report. Contact info@escsi.org 
 

       4001      Guide Specification for Structural Lightweight Concrete  (Sept 2001)
                       
 


       4020.4     Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Performance ACI SP136, 1992,
                          (T.A. Holm, AM Vaysburd)   Twelve papers, 424 pages.  Contact  info@escsi.org


      
        4070.2      Lightweight Concrete and Aggregates  (ASTM 169C Chapter 46, 2006 
                          (T.A. Holm and John P. Ries)                                                              
                          Excellent overview of the complete subject. (ASTM 169D )
                          For a free copy in the USA and Canada contact ESCSI at info@escsi.org
                                         All others please contact astm.org



          4220       Fire Resistance of Expanded Shale Clay and Slate Structural Concrete Slabs
                          (Sept 1988)



          4248.0     Specified Density Concrete-A transition for the Concrete Industry (T.A. Holm, J.P. Ries)
                            Precast and Prestress Concrete, Marine Structures, Internal Curing. (Mar 2005)



          4248.1     Enhanced Hydration and Properties of Specified Density Concrete
                           (T.W. Bremner, T.A. Holm, J.P. Ries)    (Feb 2001)
                           University of New Brunswick research report.

          4362        Internal Curing Using Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Lightweight Aggregate                       
                           The text and references are from ASTM 169D  Significance of Test and Properties of Concrete and
                           Concrete Making Materials July 2006
                               


          4366       Impact of Vapor Emission Rate of Lightweight Concrete Slabs on Floor Coverings
                          (June 2000)



           4600.1    Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
                           Using SLC should pose few problems for knowledgeable contractors.
                           Reprint  Concrete Construction, (July 1995), by Moira Harding


           4600.8    Guide for Structural Lightweight  Aggregate Concrete  ACI 213 R-03
                           This is a complete up- to -date guide, published by ACI in Nov.2003.  A must
                            read by anyone interested in the subject.   Contact info@escsi.org                                  


           4600.10    Theodore Bremner Symposium on High-Performance Lightweight Concrete
                             (J.P. Ries, T.A. Holm),   (CANMET/ACI 2003)  Thirteen papers, 258 pages
                             Contact  info@escsi.org


           4600.12    High - Performance Structural Lightweight Concrete ACI SP-218, 2004
                             (J.P. Ries, T.A. Holm),  Twelve papers, 202 pages.  Contact  info@escsi.org




            4600.13    What, Why & How?  Structural Lightweight Concrete NRMCA CIP 36, 2003
                              Contact National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, Silver Springs, Maryland
                              www.nrmca.org


            4600.14      Proceedings  Second International Symposium on Structural Lightweight
                                Aggregate Concrete     2000  Kristiansand, Norway (S Helland, I Holand, S Smeplass)
                                950 pages,    Contact  info@escsi.org 




            4700.3       Criteria for Designing Lightweight concrete Bridges, FHWA, Aug 1985
                               State of the Art on Lightweight Concrete in the design, construction and maintenance of
                                bridges. 153 pages,   Contact   info@escsi.org


            4700.0        Building Bridges and Marine Structures with Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, 2001
                                General information on 25 structures. See publication 4700.4 for detailed information.



            4700.4        Back-up Statistics to Building Bridges and Marine Structures (Feb 2001)
                                Detailed information on the 25 structures presented in 4700.3



            4700.5        Long-Term Service Performance of Lightweight Concrete Bridge Structures, Reprint (June1995)
                                International Symposium on SLC, Sandfijord, Norway- by WR Brown, TJ Larson,
                                Florida DOT. Bridge at Fanning Springs crossing the Suwanee River


            4700.6       Bridge Rehabilitation with Structural Lightweight Concrete (D.W. Stolldorf, T.A. Holm)
                                Whitehurst Freeway, Washington D.C.  Reprinted Materials for the New Millennium
                              ASCE Nov,1996     Reprinted ESCSI (July 2002)


            4700.7       Lightweight HPC on Route 106 Bridge in Virginia by H. Celik Ozyildirium, Virginia
                               Transportation Research Council.  Reprint HPC Bridge Views Issue #32, 2004
                                FHWA and NCBC


            4700.8       Lightweight Concrete for a Segmental Bridge (J.A.Murillo, S. Thoman, D. Smith)
                              1.2 mile long Benicia-Martinez Bridge, San Pablo Bay, Califorina
                               Reprinted Civil Engineering 1994 ASCE


             4700.9      Benefits of Lightweight HPC  (T.A. Holm, J.P. Ries)
                               Reprint HPC Bridge Views, Issue #17, (Sept 2001)  FHWA and NCBC



             4700.10    Lightweight Aggregate Concrete in Norwegian Bridges (S Helland, Selmer AS-Skanska AB)
                                Reprint HPC Bridge Views, Issue #11, 2000,  FHWA and NCBC



            4700.11     Lightweight Concrete for California's Highway Bridges by James E. Roberts Director
                                Engineering Service Center, Chief Structural Engineer, California DOT
                                Reprint PCA Engineered Concrete Structures  Dec 1997


            4710.4      State-of-the-Art Report on High-Strength, High-Durability Structural Low-Density Concrete
                              for Applications in Severe Marine Environments (T.A. Holm, T.W. Bremner)
                              104 pages,  Reprinted Aug 2000, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers


            4710.5      Performance of Structural Lightweight Concrete in a Marine Environment ( T.A. Holm)
                              Reprinted ACI SP-65, Aug 1980




            4710.6       Guide for the Use of Low-Density Concrete in Civil Works Projects ( George Hoff)
                                Reprinted Aug 2002, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers


        4710.088     Evaluation of Lightweight Concrete Performance in 55 to 80 Year Old Ships 
                                 By: R.D. Sturm, N. McAskill, R.G. Burg, and D.R. Morgan
                                 reprinted from High-Performance Concrete Research to Practice, SP189 ACI
                                 www.CTLGroup.com
 

           4710.095     Fleet of Stone  (Article)
                                 Reprint  (Surveyor,  Fall 2004)

            4730           Structural Lightweight Concrete on Fire Rated Steel Deck Assemblies
                                (July 2004)



            4750.1        University Club Tower: Pioneer in Computer Design (Bill Martin, Fred Gauger)
                                Reprinted ACI Concrete International   Dec 1997




            4770.0        Go with the Flow  Pumping Structural Lightweight Concrete




            4770.1        Pumping Structural Lightweight Concrete "The Team Approach"
                                (Nov 1996)



            4800            Wellington Stadium   4,000 Precast Lightweight Concrete Components Provide
                                 Seismic and Economic Solutions  by Leonard G. McSaveney,
                                 Golden Bay Cement, Auckland, New Zealand  (Aug 2002)








Asphalt Bituminous Surface Treatment, Lightweight Chip Seal

            5510      Expanded Shale, Clay, and Slate Reference Manual for Asphalt Pavement System
                           290 page manual covering the use of Lightweight Aggregate in chip seal, hotmix, slurry seal,
                           cold patch and other applications. (1997) For complete manual Contact  info@escsi.org


            5600     The Road To Success Is Paved With Lightweight Aggregate 
                     Overview of the Benefits of using Lightweight Aggregate, improved skid resistance and
                           eliminate windshield damage. (Jan 1993)


            5650.1  Lightweight Aggregate - The proven solution to a safe and Economical Road Surface
                           Lightweight Chip Seal, Lightweight Bituminous Surface Treatment  (Nov 1999)



     5650.036   Ceramic Aggregate Cuts Kansas Road Costs (Jan 2003)
                          by Bill Martin   Reprint  Better Road
  

     5700.020  ESC Aggregate in HMA  by Kevin King, TXI
                           Reprint July 21,2003  Texas Contractor


     9600         The Premium Paving Aggregate  
                              by Bill Martin, P.E. and John Ries, P.E.  (2005)




  Geotechnical Lightweight Fill 

  
        6001      Lightweight Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Aggregate for Geotechnical Applications 
                    General Information and Guide Specifications  (Jan 2004)



        6600       Rotary Kiln Produced Lightweight Aggregate for Geotechnical Applications

          6610     Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate (ESCS) Lightweight Aggregate Soil Mechanics
                    (Properties and Applications)    by T.A. Holm, A.J. Valsangkar
                         Reprinted  Transportation Research Board  Report 1422, 1993 & 2001

        6650     Rotary Kiln Expanded Shale, Clay or Slate Lightweight Aggregate for Sewer Bedding and Fill
                   by William H. McCombs.  Reprinted The American City Magazine  (Aug 1972) Reprint (June 1991)





General Information about Lightweight Aggregate


          7600     ESCS Applications and Uses (Jan 2006)
                    Gives a general overview of the many uses for ESCS.
                         "A World of Applications.....Worldwide"
 

        7600.1   Lightweight Concrete ●History●Applications●Economics  (Nov 1971)
                     Gives an excellent overview and history of the Lightweight Aggregate Industry. 43 pages.


        7700    Structural Lightweight Aggregates' Holistic Contribution to Sustainable Development
                    ESCSI commitment to Sustainable Development and How SLC fits into the LEED
                    Green Building Rating System.  (June 2004)

         7700.1   A Holistic Approach to Sustainability For the Concrete Community
                       ( J.P. Ries and T.A. Holm)  (Mar 2004)



     
           9340     Moisture Dynamics in Lightweight Aggregate and Concrete
                       (T.A. Holm, O.S. Ooi, T.W. Bremner)  (Feb 2004)


 

Landscape & Horticulture

 
 

       8600     Introducing the Friendly Material:  (Aug 2002)
                     Rotary Kiln Produced Lightweight Soil Conditioner

                                                                                                              
    8600.1   An Applications Guide For Landscape Professionals
                  When using Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate
 
        
 

         

      8620     TURFMatrix™ A Superior Soil Amendment (Publication #8620)
                        (2003)


 
            
       8621   SOILMatrix™  Gives Your GREENROOF The Lightweight Advantage
                      (April 2005)